Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin that was originally discovered as part of a complex which facilitated yeast growth. Functioning as a coenzyme in the human body, biotin is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, the process of gluconeogenesis, and the catabolism of amino acids. Widely distributed in a variety of food sources, deficiency of the vitamin is rare but excessive intake of raw egg white, which is rich in the biotin-binding protein avidin, is a known risk factor.

Functions

As a cofactor, biotin acts to transfer carbon dioxide in several carboxylase enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and branched-chain amino acid catabolism.  

Reference Intake (RI)

Whilst RI values for biotin have been published to date, dietary intakes of between 10 - 200 ug / d are agreed as safe and adequate.  

Food Sources

PRODUCTS

   Eggs (cooked)

   Liver 

  Salmon (cooked)

   Pork Chop (cooked)

(µg / 100 g)

    20

   40   

   6

    4 

PRODUCTS

   Broccoli

   Yeast (fresh)

  Milk (whole)

   Avocado

   (µg / 100 g)

   1

   20

   0.1    

   4

 

Deficiency / Toxicity

With the exception of patients maintained on long duration parenteral nutrition (intravenous feeding), clinical biotin deficiency is rare. Chronic egg white over-consumption has been seen to result in systemic biotin deficiency due to avidin binding with resultant symptoms including the development of dermatitis, alopecia, glossitis, nausea, halucinations and depression.